Towards Integrated Air Pollution Policies: Addressing the Health and Environmental Impacts of Artisanal Crude Oil Refining

This study examines the environmental and public health crises associated with artisanal crude oil refining in developing regions, emphasizing its role in exacerbating air pollution and exposure to carcinogenic pollutants. Through an analysis of air quality data, health impact assessments, and policy reviews, the study identifies significant gaps in regulatory enforcement and community protection. Findings reveal high concentrations of hazardous air pollutants linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and increased cancer risks, particularly among children, pregnant women, and individuals with preexisting health conditions. The absence of stringent policies leaves affected communities vulnerable to long-term health and ecological consequences. The study underscores the urgent need for an integrated policy framework that enforces stricter environmental regulations, promotes sustainable refining alternatives, and strengthens community resilience through targeted interventions. By bridging the gap between environmental science and policy, this research provides a foundation for actionable strategies to mitigate the immediate and long-term impacts of artisanal refining.