Human Rights Implications of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement For Nigeria: Evaluating legal safeguards and institutional readiness

Abstract

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) 2018 represents a historic stride toward regional economic integration across Africa. While its primary objective lies in enhancing trade, investment, and economic development, the Agreement also carries substantial human rights implications, especially for Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country and a key regional actor. Using a doctrinal methodology, this paper critically evaluates the AfCFTA's human rights dimensions, focusing on issues such as social protection, labour rights, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and access to justice. The analysis contends that although the AfCFTA presents opportunities for inclusive growth, its implementation in Nigeria risks worsening inequalities if not supported by robust legal and institutional safeguards. Drawing comparative insights from South Africa, Kenya, and Ghana, the paper highlights how regional best practices can inform Nigeria’s path toward rights-compatible trade governance. It recommends that Nigeria adopt a rights-based approach by embedding human rights considerations into national trade policies, ensuring inclusive stakeholder engagement in policymaking, and utilising regional human rights instruments to protect vulnerable populations within an evolving trade landscape. The conclusion reflects on the key findings and advocates for rights-based trade governance in Nigeria’s AfCFTA framework.

Suggested citation

Stella Jesuloluwa Adewuyi (2025). Human Rights Implications of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement For Nigeria: Evaluating legal safeguards and institutional readinessInternational Journal for Law & International Business Transactions, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.69798/88191322

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