Skin Lightening Among Young Adults in Ilorin West, Nigeria: Health Risks, Societal Pressures, and the Pursuit of Fairness.

Authors
Olaolu Bilewu
olaolu.bilewu@kwasu.edu.ng
Department of Public HealthKwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
Morufu Raimi
Department of Environmental Management and ToxicologyFederal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria
Oyeniyi Adegboyegba
Department of Public HealthKwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
Ige Taiye
Department of Public HealthKwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
Saka Sulayman
Department of Public HealthKwara State University Malete, Nigeria
Idowu Alake
Coverage Evaluation Survey Consultant (Research) Sightsaver UpdaveResearch Concept, Ilorin, Nigeria
Abstract
Skin-lightening practices are increasingly common among young adults, influenced by societal beauty standards, cultural traditions, and economic factors. However, these practices pose serious health risks, including skin damage and psychological distress. Limited awareness of these dangers, coupled with regulatory gaps, exacerbates the issue, necessitating targeted interventions. This study investigates the health risks and socio-demographic factors influencing skin-lightening practices among young adults in Ilorin West, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 450 participants, primarily aged 18–23 years. Structured questionnaires captured data on socio-demographic characteristics, product usage, health effects, and influencing factors. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were used to assess associations between socio-demographic variables and skin-lightening prevalence. Findings indicate a high prevalence (65.3%) of skin-lightening, particularly among young, single, female students with secondary education. Reported adverse effects include skin irritation (37.8%) and hyperpigmentation (25.3%). Alarmingly, 76.2% of respondents were unaware of the long-term health risks. Cultural and economic factors significantly influenced behavior, with affordability and tribal norms playing key roles. The Hausa ethnic group exhibited the highest prevalence (73.5%), while usage was highest among individuals aged 21–23 years. These findings underscore the urgent need for public health interventions. Raising awareness through culturally sensitive education campaigns, enforcing stricter regulations on harmful products, and engaging social influencers can help reshape societal beauty norms. Policymakers must implement stronger controls on the production and sale of hazardous skin-lightening products. Additionally, promoting self-acceptance and healthier beauty ideals through community-based advocacy can reduce reliance on harmful practices. This study highlights the critical health risks associated with skin-lightening among young adults. Addressing the cultural and societal drivers of these behaviors can improve physical and mental health outcomes, fostering a healthier perception of beauty.
Suggested citation
Olaolu Bilewu , Morufu Raimi , Oyeniyi Adegboyegba , Ige Taiye , Saka Sulayman , Idowu Alake (2025). Skin Lightening Among Young Adults in Ilorin West, Nigeria: Health Risks, Societal Pressures, and the Pursuit of Fairness. Global Journal of Enviromental Science & Sustainability, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.69798/59168711
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Issue
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Global Journal of Enviromental Science & Sustainability
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Published
01-03-25
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Keywords
Skin-lightening practices Public health risks Young adults Cultural influences Beauty standards Awareness campaigns Nigeria.